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S.M.Hropov
« Cпортивный the Labyrinth »
The methodical grant

The grant offered to the reader is devoted to a new kind of mini-orientation for which it is possible
To denominate « the Sports Labyrinth ». The initial purpose of creation « Sports
Labyrinth » there was an increase of staginess of classical competitions on sports
To orientation. An insert with « the Sports Labyrinth » in usual competitions as has shown
Practice, really gives such result. However work is in this area only in
The beginning also will demand efforts from all About-community.

« The sports Labyrinth » (СЛ) also can be used as independent entertaining
Competitions within the limits of sports holidays. On this direction of development СЛ we have received
The most appreciable results also have felt essential feedback. In this case СЛ carries out
The important function on acquaintance of wide layers of the population to the basic concepts
Orientations, and to participants-ориентировщикам enables to take part in
Entertaining starts.

Other field of application is training process where « the Sports Labyrinth » can
To be used both for working off of special skills of orientation, and with objective
To diversify impellent activity of sportsmen.

In this article own experience on a lay-out and carrying out of various undertakings is described with
Use of " the Sports Labyrinth ». The lead starts have revealed the big interest to СЛ
From various categories of people (children, students, sportsmen, couches, tourists,
Military, sports functionaries, etc.). I hope that our experience will help another
To organizers of competitions in carrying out of " Sports Labyrinthes », also that new enthusiasts
Will creatively develop our successes.

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Table of contents
1. Introduction
1.1. Occurrence of idea of " the Sports Labyrinth »
1.1.1. A problem of increase of staginess classical sports
Orientations
1.1.2. A problem of uniqueness of district in orientation
1.1.3. Development of sports orientation and integration of scale of a card
1.2. A labyrinth in history of mankind
1.3. « a sports Labyrinth »

2. Stages of progress СЛ
2.1. A choice of objects for СЛ and stages of its progress
2.2. A tape Labyrinth
2.2.1. Designs of a tape Labyrinth
2.2.2. Construction of a coordinate grid on district
2.2.3. Construction of a tape Labyrinth on district
2.2.4. Merits and demerits of a tape Labyrinth
2.3. A mesh Labyrinth on кольях
2.3.1. Construction of a mesh Labyrinth
2.3.2. Merits and demerits of a mesh Labyrinth on кольях
2.4. A road cone
2.4.1. Functions of a cone in « the Sports Labyrinth »
2.4.2. A labyrinth from cones
2.5. A mesh Labyrinth on cones
2.5.1. A design of a mesh Labyrinth on cones and a technique of its construction
2.5.2. A problem ветроустойчивости
2.5.3. Merits and demerits of a mesh Labyrinth on cones
2.5.4. Functional properties ideal « the Sports Labyrinth »

3. Scopes СЛ
3.1. Training « the Sports Labyrinth »
3.2. « a sports Labyrinth » as an attraction
3.3. « a sports Labyrinth » in a classical distance

4. Some problems СЛ
4.1. False КП, mistakes and punishment for them
4.2. Complexity of distances СЛ
4.3. A place of accommodation СЛ: a platform, orientation, a protection
4.4. Creation of a celebratory atmosphere: judges, music, prizes

5. The conclusion

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1. Introduction

1.1. Occurrence of idea of " the Sports Labyrinth »

1.1.1. A problem of increase of staginess classical sports
Orientations

At classical sports orientation (WITH), is available a lot of positive
Qualities owing to which this kind of sports successfully develops. To such qualities
It is possible to carry mass character, availability, всесезонность, intellectuality, greater
Advantage for health of people of all age. It is a remarkable kind of sports for
Physical and intellectual health of all nation.

However there is the serious brake constraining development WITH. It is insufficient
Staginess which is incorporated in the nature of classical orientation.
Really, on a distance in a wood the sportsman usually individually solves problems on
To finding of control item (КП) on the district closed from extraneous eyes. In
Classical ABOUT control item спрятан, it is disguised from eyes as sportsman, and
The spectator. That the person who has casually appeared in a wood where competitions are spent sees
On orientation?
Intellectual work
Sportsmen owing to which our kind of sports is favourably allocated among other kinds,
To the fan it is not visible. And without it WITH at a sight from becomes similar on
Cross-country with a mark where the sportsman it is not visible from start up to finish.
At best, on
Distances there is a spectator item on which sportsmen show the 
Art of a mark. Process of the decision-making, the most interesting component
Orientations, remains for the staff.

As the result of small staginess, is not present interest of TV in display of ours
Competitions that means absence of serious advertizers and sponsors. In
Modern conditions it conducts to almost full lack of information of the population on ours
Kind of sports since the TV is the basic source of the information.
Without
The "picture" interesting to televiewers, our kind of sports is doomed to isolability
From a society, has no chances to become Olympic and quickly to develop.
How to increase staginess of our basic competitions?

The advanced part of organizers of competitions already for a long time has realized this problem and
Tries to solve in its various ways within the limits of classical WITH. We shall note
Only some of these ways. It both classical relay races, and relay race
One sportsman when participants repeatedly pass through a zone of start-finish where
It is possible to track intermediate results of sportsmen.
It and impressing
Mass runnings when will simultaneously start the whole age groups and on start
There is an atmosphere of rivalry. These are expensive and technically complex attempts
Display at the largest European competitions, by means of GPS, trajectories of movement
The sportsman in a card on the big screen and on the Internet. However "birthmark"
Classical orientation remains - it is not visible to the fan of internal struggle
Sportsmen on the distance.

In my opinion, to make competitions on sports orientation more
Entertainment, it is necessary to show the fan as the sportsman makes of the decision. As
Realizes the plans. As is mistaken and leaves difficult position, i.e. to observe

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Fascinating process of orientation. Even more interestingly for qualified
The fan to see a card with a distance of the sportsman. Then the spectator can « alive
To hurt » for the sportsman, to estimate its actions, to notice mistakes. For this purpose the spectator (or
The operator of TV) should have an opportunity constantly to hold in sight and the sportsman
And district. Thus, the size of area of orientation should make
Some tens meters.

The best place for these purposes is the usual stadium with tribunes for spectators and
Standard places for accommodation of videocameras of TV. But the usual stadium is empty for
Orientations. Hence, it is necessary to fill space of stadium
Artificial objects. About creation of such objects speech later also will go.

1.1.2. A problem of uniqueness of district in orientation

In classical sports orientation by the main attribute of competitions is
District suitable for orientation. On the Earth there are various types
Districts with the prominent features. The most interesting, from a point
Sight of orientation, areas of Scandinavia and northern Europe where are available are
Suitable woods and complex relief.
The most interesting, from a point
Visions of orientation, are areas of Scandinavia and northern Europe where are available
Suitable scaffold and complex relief. Absence of a scaffold or to the contrary, almost impassable
Scaffold do many areas of the Earth not interesting to orientation.
Therefore
Orientation intensively develops only in the certain parts of a planet. Even
Our situated near Moscow woods, in comparison with complex and interesting Scandinavian
District, seem poor on objects for orientation:
There is no good relief,
It is not enough stones, too "green" wood, etc. Therefore personally at me arises
The natural desire « to help the nature », having constructed additional objects for
Orientations.

To the sportsman-ориентировщику who has arrived from other parts of the world, the some is necessary
Time to adapt for features of run and orientation on unusual
Districts. In fact it is known, that the Scandinavian sportsmen are strong on « Scandinavian
Districts »,
Where there are standard attributes of competitions, about identical
Across all Earth (a racetrack, track and field athletics shells, etc.). In orientation
The district of each new start is unique. Therefore the world champion on
The Swedish district, most likely, there will be another, than the world champion on Swiss
Districts. As a result, we can have hypothetically simultaneously some champions
The world in one discipline, but on different types of district. That for a usual kind of sports
Is a nonsense.

Application of standard, identical objects leads to that at sportsmen
There is no advantage « house district ». And the identical Labyrinthes put in
To Moscow and, for example, Tokyo will differ with nothing for the sportsman who has arrived from
Sweden. The artificial district everywhere is identical. It is possible to compete with others
Inhabitants of the Earth, not leaving the city!

1.1.3. Development of sports orientation and integration of scale of a card

It is interesting to track change of scale of a sports card in process of development
Sports orientation.
In Russia sports orientation has arisen in the tourist environment in the end
The fiftieth years.
The first organizers and the first participants of competitions on
WITH there were tourists. For a tourist campaign the topographical card is optimum
Or the scheme of scale 1:100 000, so-called «километровка», where 1 centimeter of a card
Corresponds to 1000 meters or 1 kilometer on district. On cards of such scale and
Passed the first competitions of tourists on explaining the ground under
The name « the closed route ».

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People are guided on objects which are present on district and which should
To be reflected in a card. But whether many objects can be shown at such scale? Here and
It was necessary to be guided those years on very генерализованной to a card.
I think, already then there was a understanding of that for increase спортивности
Competitions it is necessary to integrate scale of a card.
Competitions were spent to those years on
To cards which could be got. Therefore the first organizers used
Topographical cards ("blues" are more exact, copies of dark blue color from them) with scale 1:50 000
(1см=500) and 1:25 000 (1см=250).


In 1959 have passed the first day time personal competitions without an additional cargo on
To the updated card with scale 1:20 000. After that there was a long period, when
The core there was a scale 1:20 000 and 1:25 000.

There was time, orientation developed. This progress has led to the new standard in
Scale of cards - 1:15 000 (1см=150). Significantly there are more than objects with greater
деталировкой began possible to display in a card. This scale also is now applied
On long distances of the world championships on WITH with a view of restriction of the size of a card.
But
On the complex districts sated by reference points such scale leads to difficulties
In "reading" a card at sportsmen and necessity to slow down movement. For this reason
Sportsmen even more often use a lens for increase in the image of a card.

Now the most popular in sports orientation is
Scale 1 : 10 000 (1см=100). Such scale allows to plot the majority
Reference points and to simplify "reading" a card. At some competitions, simultaneously with
The basic scale, sometimes uses also other scale for so-called врезок.
For example, the scale 1 : 2 000 or 1 : 1 000 is used for detailed display
карьеров, separate stones in looses, etc.

In recent years at competitions " the Moscow Compass » on the basic distances
The scale 1 : 7 500 and 1 : 5 000 for a portrayal known лыткаринских is used
Micropoles. At fineer scale of a card the image of these micropoles merges and
Them begins "to read" difficultly, that leads to reduction of speed and quality
Orientations at sportsmen.

More recently, since 1995, in the world has started to develop roughly « park
Orientation » which basic scale now makes 1:5 000 (1см=50.
Alongside with this scale for parks, school sites, city court yard
Others are used also, larger, scales: 1:4 000; 1:3 000; 1:2 500; 1:2 000.
It is important to note, that process of orientation from integration of scale only
Wins. It is not necessary to strain sight, it is not necessary to reduce speed of run for reading
Cards. Even use of legends КП becomes unessential because of good
Visibilities on a card of object and point КП. The sportsman sees all, all understands. Accuracy and
Speed of orientation increases.

Now at support of the International federation WITH actively develops
The project on "micro-orientation". Though, by scale, it not « микро-
Orientation », and is simple mini-orientation. Within the limits of this project it supposed
Inclusion of an insert with "micro-orientation" in an average distance of the world championship-
2006.
The sportsman should be switched in the middle of a distance from scale 1:10
000 on scale 1:4 000 and then back. As the customer of the project broadcasting companies have acted
Norway and Denmark. However, unfortunately, business is not has reached signing the contract.
We hope, that in the following world championship, it will manage to be made. That radically will change
Situation with development of mini-orientation in the world.

The further integration of scale up to 1:500 (1см=5) leads to that on a card
Instead of a wood designated by one color, it is already necessary to put separate trees,
Estimating their thickness. But it is not terrible, if a wood rare. The sizes used

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Districts, at use of a card of the most used format А4, turn out
The order 100×100 meters. At such sizes as it has been shown above, and
New quality WITH – staginess begins to be shown.
In the program of competitions « Moscow Компас-2002 » has been shown
Experimental start on mini-orientation "«Ó¿Ñ¡Ô-show" for sportsmen
Elite groups with scale of a card 1 : 500. The length of a distance made a little сот
Meters, and time of the winner some minutes.
This start has shown, that, at such
Scale of a card, staginess of competitions on orientation starts to come nearer
To staginess «стадионных» kinds of sports. Spectators can observe of actions
Competing sportsmen on a greater part of a distance and to be a fan of them.
Sportsmen should be guided tensely on eyes at spectators.
Same and larger scales 1 : 200 (1см=2) and 1:100 (1см=1) are applied
In other kinds of mini-orientation – in buildings of schools, in sports halls, offices, etc.
Here it is already valid micro-orientation. Objects of orientation
There are surrounding subjects - benches, chairs, school desks, маты, sports shells,
Windows, doors and other objects which are being in specified territories.
Staginess on
Such undertakings it turns out maximal. All actions of participants and their eyes,
Full of the intense idea, are visible « as on a palm ». Such orientation is used
In training process or has entertaining objectives.

However, how much I know, construction of special objects and creation
Artificial district for the purposes of orientation up to us nobody was engaged.

The first-ever competitions to the artificial objects specially created for
Orientations, we have lead on October, 5th, 2002 on an anniversary Лыткаринской спортшколы in
Quality of entertaining competition for all comers. In magazine " Azimuth " №4 for 2002
Year there has passed the publication in this occasion:
« A labyrinth or " 10 meters of orientation "!».
The scale of that scheme made 1:200. In the same place it was applied, still strange for Russia,
Electronic system of a mark from company Sport Ident. Participants needed to take 28
Items in three zones of orientation with objects in the form of simple geometrical figures
(Fig. 1). Unexpectedly for us few participants have successfully finished offered
Distance that has noticeably recovered an emotional background of competitions.

Fig. 1. A card (diagram) of the first Labyrinth with a distance.

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From all above-stated it is possible to draw a conclusion.
Problem of increase of staginess of competitions, problem of " poor district » on
Objects for orientation, and also process of sports orientation, by way of
Integration of scale of cards, inevitably lead to idea of creation artificial
Districts to which I would denominate « the Sports Labyrinth » (СЛ). Why
« A sports Labyrinth »?

1.2. A labyrinth in history of mankind

Images of labyrinthes concerns to the most ancient creations of human hands (fig.
2). They have appeared practically simultaneously (approximately 2000 up to н.э.!) in various
Parts of the world, on greater distances from each other, in Northern America, India and on
To Sumatra, and also in territory of the Europe. A word the Labyrinth in the Ancient Greece and ancient
Egypt meant a structure specially created by people, with complex, confused
Courses of which it was difficult to find a way out.

Labyrinthes happen different. In one
Twisting paths are informed between
Itself also conduct to the uniform center. In others-
Alongside with passes can be and deadlocks, and
For going on them to the person a problem
Consists in that, passing deadlocks, to find
Output in the opposite end of a labyrinth.

Fig. 2. Ancient images of labyrinthes.

The first story about a labyrinth is found at
Ancient greek historian Gerodota,
Described huge Фаюмский a labyrinth
In the north of Egypt. In this place Egyptian
Pharaon Amenemhet III (ок. 1456-1419 up to н. э.) has erected a pyramid and a ritual temple at
Bottom of this pyramid which has been constructed in the form of a labyrinth. Here that wrote about it
Геродот as about one of seven miracles of light: " the Labyrinth in the sizes surpasses...
Pyramids ".

This construction in length of 200 m. and of width 170 m. comprised set of rooms and
The corridors located by a part above a surface of ground, a part under the ground. On
To words Геродота, the number of such facilities reached up to 3000. Complex system
Corridors, court yard, rooms and colonnades was such confused, that without a conductor
The extraneous person never could find in it a way out. This labyrinth, the main thing
In the image, served religious objectives: there victims to all gods of Egypt were brought.

The legend about Критском a labyrinth in which there is no time is not less known lived the Minotaur-
получеловек-полубык. The labyrinth has been built with such confused courses, that anybody
Could not find of its a way out. Athenian hero Tesej has passed through a labyrinth and has killed
The minotaur. The young man has got out of a labyrinth owing to a gold string which pulled for
Itself from the input. This string to it has given Ариадна.

Labyrinthes are in all parts of the world at people costing at the most different steps
Historical development - from the Stone Age up to the present. Special seat in this
To many-sided picture borrow stone labyrinthes of Northern Europe. The general number
Northern labyrinthes exceeds 500, from them in Russia - nearby 50! In the North of Russia
Labyrinthes everywhere named «вавилонами», that reflected their intricate,
The confused arrangement

Purpose of labyrinthes is difficult for connecting definitely with any one function, and
Forms of display can be the most different: subject, verbal, ceremonial. It
Ornaments and figures, artificial courses and paths, the device underground and ground
Buildings, dances, games, religious and moral symbolics, legends and stories.

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It is possible to tell that the Labyrinth is a symbol of all mankind with four-thousand-year
History.

So why to not use this symbol durably sitting in memory of mankind, for
Progresses of sports orientation?

Our experience of dialogue with sports heads has shown, that sense
"Labyrinth" it is clear at once and the further decoding of expression « Sports
The labyrinth » is not required, unlike words « sports orientation ».

1.3. « a sports Labyrinth »

The problem of this grant – to tell about a new kind of sports orientation, in which
For orientation specially created objects are used. These objects, as well as in
Case with ancient Labyrinthes, also are created with the purpose to confuse the person and
To complicate process of orientation

But our purpose, unlike ancient Greeks and Egyptians
- Other, sports - to reveal the best participants on time, at correct
Passage of a distance. Therefore would be logical to name in the further this kind
Competitions by " the Sports Labyrinth » (СЛ). The Primary goals which solves
The sportsman in classical orientation, are present and in СЛ. This recognition
Objects on districts, their checking with a card, a choice of a variant of movement, finding КП
And a mark on it.

Therefore « the Sports Labyrinth » can be given definition, leaning on definition
Sports orientation:

« The sports Labyrinth » is a kind of sports orientation, in which
Participants by means of a card should pass the set number control
Items (КП), located on specially created for this purpose
Artificial district. Results of participants are defined on time
Passages of a distance (in the certain cases in view of penal
Time or penal circles).
The artificial district consists from
Sets of standard objects of type the "wall", located on
Small, equal, the open area.

It is possible to tell, that orientation in « the Sports Labyrinth » - same
The orientation only more concentrated in space and in time.
As distances between objects of orientation are minimal, at the sportsman are not present
Opportunities to relax even on shares of second.

In opinion of known sportsmen-ориентировщиков to Russia, orientation always
Remains orientation, without dependence from scale of a card and appearance
Reference points.

In comparison with classical orientation, at « the Sports Labyrinth » vanish
Some "illnesses", elements of injustice also appear new important
Qualities:

1. The composer of a card does not have freedom and, in this connection, possible mistakes in interpretation
This or that object and definition of its exact position on district. That is, no
The subjectivity of the composer of cards inherent in classical orientation. The sizes and
The form of artificial objects are known in advance with high accuracy.
Application
Measured tape and the certain technique described below, allows to within
Centimeters to establish all objects on district and to check accuracy of installation. In
Result, we have an exact and objective card of artificial district.

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2. Application of standard, identical objects leads to that at sportsmen
There is no advantage « house district ». Each sportsman always precisely knows,
What objects of its orientation expect on a distance. Its result in СЛ depends
Only from its speed of movement and speed of thinking.  And value of a component
Thinking obviously dominates over speed of movement. « A sports Labyrinth »
Becomes in one number with other kinds of sports where there are standard conditions and
The standard equipment for carrying out of competitions

3. In « the Sports Labyrinth » conditions on a distance are identical as for started
The first, and for last participant. Therefore qualifying runnings,
Necessary in classical WITH for arrangement of sportsmen in final running, in СЛ
Are not necessary.

4. In an existing practice of orientation in the Labyrinth a compass usually not
It is applied. A card it is possible сориентировать with district on an arrangement of an input,
Which is always visible to the participant from any point of the Labyrinth. Though the further development
СЛ can lead to occurrence of a compass in the participant again. At the given stage of development
Absence of a compass is a doubtless advantage of the Labyrinth.  For participation in СЛ not
It is required any additional accessories (шиповки, a compass, the form for run). A card
And (or the chip) the participant receives a card on start and hands over on finish. Therefore any
The person who is casually passing by, can participate in these competitions.
Orientation in the Labyrinth becomes similar to an attraction for all comers,
Irrespective of age and a degree of preparation

5. Complexity of a configuration of the Labyrinth can be set different, proceeding from a degree
Readiness of participants which is known in advance.
Complexity of distances in concrete СЛ can be varied and offered also on a choice,
Depending on desire of the participant. Small time of passage СЛ allows
To the participant to start repeatedly and to raise for itself a level of complexity of a distance.

6. Small, equal, the open area for statement СЛ.позволяет to receive
Interesting "picture" for spectators. And it also is one of main our problems-
To show the spectator (and it is better also to the televiewer) process of orientation and, thus,
To raise staginess of sports orientation.

7. In classical sports orientation before organizers of competitions
Always there is a problem in a safety of participants. An absolute guarantee
Organizers cannot give safety owing to a finding of sportsmen in
The big large forest inaccessible to the control. In this sense, « Sports
The labyrinth » is quite safe place.

It is especially important, that children would get the skills of orientation necessary in
Usual orientation (orientation of a card, reading, search, a mark) in safe
Conditions under supervision of the trainer. I even would tell, that the child cannot be let out in
Wood while it will not learn to be guided in the Labyrinth.

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2. Stages of development СЛ

2.1. A choice of objects for СЛ and stages of its development

All objects of the orientation used in classical sports orientation,
It is possible to divide conditionally on dot, linear and площадные. Dot objects are
Stones, корчи, small artificial objects, etc.  It is interesting, that many of them
Are внемасштабными. That is their real sizes are not displayed in a card. On
Such microobjects many chiefs of distances of competitions like to put
Control items since they are more complex for finding.

Linear objects are roads, elements of a relief and hydrography, канавы, fences and so forth
These протяженные objects have characteristic bends on which it is possible for the sportsman
It is easy to find the site in a card, "to become attached". Therefore, basically,
The sportsman is guided on linear objects.

Площадные objects are fields, greater glades, bogs, significant structures, etc.
They "are easily and unequivocally read" on district and have the essential sizes.
Площадные objects usually have well различимые linear a contour, on which
Also it is usually easy "to become attached".

From this analysis it is visible, that the basic objects of orientation are or
Dot objects, or linear. Both of this type these objects we have tried to create in
« A sports Labyrinth ». As dot object it is possible to use usual
Control item or road cone. The most simple linear objects, which
Can be interesting to orientation, these are obstacles of this type "wall".  By the way,
Walls, and stone, – a basic element of ancient Labyrinthes, for construction
Which work of thousand slaves during hundreds years was used. At us, unfortunately,
Material, human and time resources are much more modest. Our problem
Consists in development and construction interesting to participants and for spectators
« A sports Labyrinth », using work the several person during several
Hours.

At creating СЛ we before ourselves posed the problem on creating identical elements, from
Which as from кирпичиков, it is possible to build as much as complex and big Labyrinth.
What these elements, and it is necessary to do them of what equipment? This question we and
Let's consider in the further.

The history of development of " the Sports Labyrinth » can be broken into some stages, everyone
From which it is characterized by the type of the applied equipment.
At the initial stage of development we applied the elementary equipment in the form of кольев and
Protecting tape. After approbation of such type of the equipment in a number of
Competitions, necessity for improvement of its appearance became obvious and
Functional properties.

Following stage became application сеток instead of a tape. It has essentially improved
Appearance of the Labyrinth. However such equipment can be established only on
Soft ground. Further development СЛ demanded an output on firm coverings
(Asphalt, concrete, a tree, etc.).  Therefore there was an idea to use road
The cone which is carrying out in СЛ at once of some functions. A result of evolution СЛ became mesh
The labyrinth on cones which has attractive appearance and possesses good
Functional properties. Such Labyrinth is not a shame for exposing on central
The areas of our cities.

Let's consider now in more detail stages of development СЛ in the chronological order, so
As each of them can be of interest for the decision of the problems facing
Other organizers of competitions. At each stage there are distinctions by a principle
Constructions and a technique of designing of the Labyrinth. At each type considered
Labyrinthes there are advantages and the restrictions.

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2.2. A tape Labyrinth
In the autumn of 2002 we have begun
Experiments on construction
« A sports Labyrinth », applying
The equipment which always is under
Hand at any organizer
Competitions. These are wooden колья and
Polyethylene red-white
разметочная a tape applied for
Protections starting and finishing
Small town of competitions, constructions
Corridors and marks separate
Sites of a distance.  For the first
Labyrinthes we used
Wooden pegs in height about 1 meter which cut in a wood or did from
штакетника. For creation of effect of a wall the tape can be stretched between кольями
Some times at different height. To top кола prism КП can fasten and
To become attached a puncher (fig. 3).

Fig. 3. A tape labyrinth on wooden кольях.

However at wooden кольев there is a set of essential lacks. Because of
Non-standards of diameters on колья cannot be established, without additional work,
Standard rod with a puncher. Wooden колья have inattractive
Appearance, are not water-resistant, often break, are badly hammered into the ground. But all the same,
Such equipment for СЛ is the most economic and, means, potentially
The most mass.

Instead of wooden, we shortly became
To use aluminium колья, applied at
To statement standard КП. Though use
Aluminium кольев leads to rise in price
The equipment, pluss from their application considerably
It is more. Metal колы, in comparison with
Wooden, have good appearance, easily
Are hammered into the ground, are easy and compact. Means of a mark
(An electronic mark or punchers) and prisms КП
Are established on such колья easily and quickly (fig. 4).

	Fig. 4. Standard КП in
Tape labyrinth.

After successful carrying out of the first starts in the autumn 2002
Year with use of a tape Labyrinth, we have included
Similar entertaining distance of the Labyrinth in ours
Firm spring competitions « Moscow Компас-
2003 », as a separate kind of the program of a holiday.
We have lead to a summer season of 2003 a little mass
Starts (up to 700 person) with different formulas of carrying out
Competitions where the Labyrinth was spent as separately, and
The Park-rounds joined in usual classical distances.

It is necessary to pay attention to ideological similarity of competitions in parks and
« A sports Labyrinth ». Participants marked increase of staginess such
Competitions. Especially зрелищно there was a carrying out of children's relay races with application
Labyrinth in a zone of transfer.

In a season of 2004 we have included a tape Labyrinth in the basic distance for
Several groups at our competitions « the Moscow compass 2004 ».

2.2.1. Designing of a tape Labyrinth

« The sports Labyrinth » is usually projected in house conditions. Therefore
The developer can define itself the sizes and "complexity" of this artificial
Districts.

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At designing the Labyrinth I usually use computer program Corel
Draw. Basically, it is possible to use and other programs vector schedules (Adobe
Illustrator, AutoCad and so forth). In the further, with an output on more professional level
Creations СЛ, optimum to use the program for рисовки sports cards OCAD.

This program allows to build in easily the Labyrinth a usual card, simply
To count lengths of run variants and to make other efficiency duties.
At absence of a computer, for designing the Labyrinth it is possible to use
Usual school leaf of a paper in a cell. In any case, for designing any
Type СЛ the substrate in the form of a grid is necessary.

For a tape Labyrinth points are outlined in units of this grid – the future колы, and between
They spend thick black lines – future "walls" of the Labyrinth. Lengths of such walls
Can be any, but it is necessary to consider, that a long tape to stretch more difficultly.  
Therefore we usually use length of walls from 1 up to 3 meters. A configuration of figures in СЛ
It is defined by required complexity of a distance. For beginners it is desirable to use
The simple figures consisting of broken lines with right angles. For ориентировщиков
The problem can be complicated, using intricater figures. That sportsmen
Could miss freely at a meeting in the Labyrinth, width of left passages
Between figures should be more than one meter.

Each central point of any figure in which costs кол, can be used in
Quality of a point for statement КП. On a card we place mugs КП, points of start and
Finish also we schedule distances. As a result of all constructions we receive a card
Labyrinth with distances (fig. 5а).

Now this card needs to be recreated on district, having constructed the Labyrinth.
For construction of the Labyrinth on district we draw special « a card of the director »

(Fig. 5б). On this card there is a coordinate grid with step of 1 meter and are marked all КП

For all distances, including false. On edges of this card on a vertical and on
Fig. 5. And – a card of the Labyrinth for the sportsman. – a card of the director of the same Labyrinth.

page 13

Horizontals are put numerical values in meters, beginning from chosen zero
Points. On this card it is desirable to inscribe quantity of the used equipment
(колов, control items) in advance to prepare the equipment.
Precisely to reproduce on district a card of the Labyrinth, it is necessary all over again
To construct on district a coordinate grid.

2.2.2. Construction of a coordinate grid on district

For construction of any of " the Sports Labyrinth » on district it is necessary to construct
Coordinate grid. We build a grid by means of 20 meter building measured
Tapes and the device showing a right angle. For this purpose it is possible to use
Compass with divisions of degrees. Also it is possible to use a greater school ruler
Or a piece of a building hardboard with direct углом.и "to rake" From top
Rectangular of a direction on other tops the coordinate grid is under construction.

First we build a rectangular, proceeding from the maximal sizes planned
Labyrinth. Having chosen one of tops of a rectangular as initial,
We "rake" directions on other tops and we build a right angle. On its parties
By means of a measured tape we measure the sizes of the parties of a rectangular. Having received such
By way two more tops of a rectangular, from these tops it is similarly found
Last top.  At the same time we check accuracy of construction of a rectangle on
To concurrence of two points of construction for last top. It is quite comprehensible, if
The mistake of construction (distance between these two points) makes ten
Centimeters. If a mistake essentially more than this value then it is necessary anew
To construct angles and to note distances. Proceeding from building practice, a mistake
Constructions of a rectangle also can be checked on a difference in the sizes of diagonals
Rectangle.

After the rectangular is constructed on district well, on four
To corners of a rectangular it is hammered колья. Also we hammer колья through each meter lengthways
Two parallel vertical parties. An additional measured tape it is desirable
To put along one of the vertical parties, that the nobility of coordinate hammered кольев on
Verticals.

The basic measured tape it is stretched between two opposite колами,
Located on the vertical parties. Moving a measured tape on a vertical, we
We can find any point having coordinates on a vertical and a horizontal. Such
In the image, we have constructed a coordinate grid which can be used as for
Tape, and for net type of labyrinthes.

2.2.3. Construction of a tape Labyrinth on district

As an example, we shall result construction of a tape Labyrinth on « Moskovsk
Compass-2004 ».

Having on district the constructed coordinate grid, we begin procedure of driving in
колов for figures of the Labyrinth with кола (0, 0). One end of a measured tape is put on on
This кол (each measured tape right at the beginning has a special ring), and another
The end is put to колу on the opposite party (15, 0). This procedure conveniently
To make together – each person holds the end of a measured tape.

Thus, we have stretched horizontally measured tape, having arranged it on zero
To vertical mark. From figure of the Labyrinth it is visible, that on this line should
To be three кола on marks 6, 8 and 14 meters. On marks on a measured tape
These are driven in three кола on corresponding distances from a zero point. Further measured
Tape it is shifted on 1 meter downwards on кол 1 on a vertical and it is planned three more кола on
Marks 10, 13 and 15 meters.  Following further in the same way, falling downwards, we hammer
All колы the Labyrinth. After that it is necessary to stretch and fasten only a tape on these
колах according to a card. Also according to a card prisms КП are hung up and established
Means of a mark. Now the Labyrinth is constructed. It is necessary to construct a protection only
Around of the Labyrinth to stretch banner advertising sponsors, to make starting and
Finishing corridors. The tape Labyrinth is constructed!

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2.2.4. Merits and demerits of a tape Labyrinth

The basic advantage of this type of the equipment is its minimal cost.
For construction of a tape Labyrinth on wooden колах it is enough to have a little
Hundreds meters of a protecting tape. Cost of 500 meters of a tape makes 240 roubles
Or approximately 8 dollars (all the prices are given for spring of 2006).  Use
Metal колов, instead of wooden, leads to appreciable rise in price
The equipment. Cost of one such кола makes about 150 roubles or 5
Dollars. In presented above СЛ the quantity колов makes 86 pieces. In view of
Protections, it is possible to estimate roughly a total cost of the equipment for this Labyrinth in
500 dollars.

It is possible to carry to advantages also compactness and small weight that allows
To transport all equipment to one person.

To lacks of such Labyrinth, it is necessary to carry still insufficiently presentable
Appearance. заборчики from a tape are badly allocated for districts and not so
Well differ from each other, that complicates orientation on them.
For statement on district such Labyrinth demands a soft ground and considerable time
For забивания колов. Therefore it has restrictions in a place of statement – in a wood or in
Park on soft ground.

High "transparency" of all Labyrinth allows to see all КП from one point,
That reduces reserve КП for process of orientation. The tape badly holds the form,
It can be overwound, at strong impulses of a wind on the open district «парусить» and
To be torn. And after primary use loses in appearance. Therefore, that
"To deduce" the Labyrinth from a wood, it is necessary to search for replacement разметочной to a tape.
It is at the moment expedient to apply such type of the Labyrinth in training
Starts in a wood or in parks. For competitions it is desirable to use a grid.

2.3. A mesh Labyrinth on кольях

The following stage in development of " the Sports Labyrinth » is an application of a grid,
Used for a protection, instead of разметочной tapes.
We apply a thin bright orange grid to our Labyrinth. That the grid was
Well stretched standard meter кольями, did not sag and did not fall, we
We cut it half-and-half on height.

2.3.1. Construction of a mesh Labyrinth

In tape СЛ the tape can be any length. For this purpose the tape can be cut easily,
To connect various pieces and to fasten on колах already after them забивки. With a grid so
To act it is impossible. On a place of competitions to cut and increase a grid it appears
Problematic because of lack of time and labour input of such process. Therefore
Grid it is necessary to prepare houses.  For simplification of process of development and installation
Mesh СЛ the length of pieces of a grid is necessary for standardizing, i.e. to have one
The standard size of length for all pieces. During preparation of the equipment to
To competitions, we cut a grid on pieces of identical length. In this case construction
СЛ it becomes similar to construction of the house from standard bricks. If you will be
To build the house of bricks of the several sizes, it will essentially complicate as calculation
Your house, and construction.  The standard length of each grid has been chosen as
Length of a diagonal of a rectangular with the parties of 1 and 2 meters (2,24 meters). It was
It is made for convenience of designing and construction. In this case points забивания кольев
Precisely lay down on an auxiliary grid of coordinates (fig. 6 and,).

page 15

Fig. 6. A card of the director of a mesh labyrinth () and its kind on district ().

Basically, it is possible to use other standard lengths - 1, 2, 3 meters or others. But
Then the technique of designing and construction СЛ will be similar to a technique
Designing and construction of a mesh Labyrinth on the cones, described in the following
Chapters. As many central points will precisely not lay down on a coordinate grid.

The further increase in standard length is undesirable, since can become complicated
Procedure of extension of a grid. Колья cannot qualitatively stretch too long
Grid, and it will sag. The quantity колов for the qualitative extension of a grid should
To be essential it is more, than for tape СЛ. On each piece of a grid it is desirable
To use on two кола.

Equipment КП for mesh СЛ remains standard. It is used usual
Prisms with кольями.

Procedure construction of a coordinate grid on district and a procedure забивания кольев for
Extension of a grid are similar to the previous stage.

2.3.2. Merits and demerits of a mesh Labyrinth on кольях

The grid has a doubtless advantage before a tape – walls of the Labyrinth become
Are visible both for participants, and for spectators. On district such Labyrinth begins
To remind classical. "Picture" of the Labyrinth at once becomes bright and
Attractive to spectators and TV.

On кольях it is necessary to carry necessity to lacks of a mesh Labyrinth
Uses of a soft ground, that sharply limits us in a choice of a place of statement.
Cost 50 meter rolls of such grid, weight 6 kg and height 1 meter, makes 2
Thousand roubles or about 70 dollars, that a little удорожает the equipment.
Also for transportation of a mesh Labyrinth, because of increase of volume and weight
The equipment, it is already desirable to use the automobile machine.

2.4. A road cone

The road cone (7) can be met fig. on all roads of the world. It is applied
For a fast protection of a place of road works in any weather and
Climatic conditions. Usually a cone are made from bright orange
Plastic (orange color - the most appreciable color for the person in the nature) with
White светоотражающими strips. Therefore the cone is perfectly visible in twilight and
Even at night at weak illumination. A cone owing to the form it is free
Are inserted each other. Therefore, even at заметн

page 16

Fig. 7. Road
Cone.

Damaging it. For example, on asphalt, rigid or frozen
Ground in a sports hall with wooden or concrete
Floors, etc. where it is impossible to hammer кол.
At approximately identical appearance, in the market are available
The cone, differing on an internal design. Average
The price of one cone is high enough (400 roubles or 15
Dollars for a piece), that, perhaps, is its only thing
Lack.

Use of cones – new and not a simple step in development
СЛ. For the first time a cone with means of an electronic mark I
Has seen in the advertizing leaflet of company Sport Ident. There to children
Arranged relay race in a sports hall where they simply ran
Also were marked on the cones equipped electronic
Mark. At that time I already was engaged «лабиринтостроением»,
Where application of cones arose by itself.

2.4.1. Functions of a cone in « the Sports Labyrinth »
In « the Sports Labyrinth » the cone carries out at once some functions:
First, the cone, is appreciable dot object which can be
Object of orientation;

Secondly, on a cone it is possible to establish means of a mark;

Thirdly, the cone replaces with itself a prism, which necessity in СЛ then disappears;

Fourthly, the cone is an element of a bearing design for "walls" of the Labyrinth and
Can be established on any equal surface.

Let's consider these functions more in detail.

In « the Sports Labyrinth » the cone, as well as prism КП, are objects with
In the essential sizes which should be plotted the Labyrinth in
The appropriating scale. At scale of a card of the Labyrinth 1:150 (1 centimeter of a card
It is equal 1,5 meters on district)  And diameter of a cone at the basis of 30 centimeters, the sizes
On a card 2 millimeters should make images. The kind of a cone from above is
Symmetric also shows in a card in the form of a black circle. Therefore, a cone unequivocally
Is identified and is suitable object for orientation.

Now in sports orientation aluminium колья are
The basic bearing elements for prisms and means of mark КП. Really, for
Installations КП in a scaffold where practically always there is a soft ground, other equipment
It seems unnecessary. Aluminium колья are easy and compact. By the way, in same кроится them
Lack: it is nonferrous metal of the convenient sizes which always is useful in
Facilities to local residents.  However with an output of orientation from a wood in city or in
City parks there is a question on partial replacement кольев, as for the different reasons not
Always it is possible to place КП on a soft ground. Now for installation of a prism and means
Marks on asphalt the special wooden design which creates is used
To organizers additional difficulties at installation and transportation.  IN
Labyrinth, on replacement кольям and to wooden skeletons, the road cone comes. Having made
The small adaptation on top of a cone, to it is possible крепить means of a mark
(Electronic or mechanical).

The cone in « the Sports Labyrinth » with advantage fulfils the functions a prism – designates
The location of control item with means of a mark. Besides, in comparison with
матерчатой a prism, it is brighter, ветроустойчив, always holds the form. It not
You will tear and will not hide. Use of cones instead of prisms usually does not cause
Questions neither at sportsmen, nor at usual citizens for whom the cone is
More habitual object.

Use of these three properties of a cone is enough for creation specific
« A sports Labyrinth » in which are used only a cone.

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2.4.2. A labyrinth from cones
From dot objects what the cone is, on
The district can build characteristic figures, on
To which also can be guided. Such
In the image, for construction of the elementary Labyrinth,
It is possible to apply only a cone (fig. 8)! Especially
It is important for training or
Entertaining Labyrinth where there is a need
In minimization of efforts of organizers.
By development of such Labyrinth of a cone
Have in units of a coordinate grid.  Set from several cones can
To remind any characteristic figure. These
Figures settle down on some distance
From each other, that it was easier than them
To identify.

Construction of such Labyrinth is similar to construction
Labyrinth on кольях. Only instead of driving in
кольев in the ground, a cone are freely established
On any equal surface.

Fig. 8. A card of a labyrinth from cones.

2.5. A mesh Labyrinth on cones

Fig. 9. A mesh Labyrinth on cones on the Olympic prospectus.

In a season of 2005 there was a quantum leap in evolution of the equipment of the Labyrinth,
For which construction have been used also a cone and a grid (fig. 9). It has allowed
To build externally attractive « the Sports Labyrinth » on any equal surface.
For the first time the Labyrinth became bright and allocated on a background of other entertainment kinds of sports.
It has stepped on the area of Moscow in the grounds of sports holidays.

page 18

2.5.1. A design of a mesh Labyrinth on cones and a technique of its construction
The cone also can carry out function bearing
Element for "wall" of the Labyrinth. This "wall" fastens
To two cones also represents horizontal
Bar with a grid.
Principle which is used by development
The equipment, consists that all Labyrinth should
To consist of set of such identical elements
Type "wall" (fig. 10).

Fig. 10. An element of the Labyrinth.

The bar applied by us, is included into the list
The road equipment also represents
Plastic orange tube with standard length
120 see To change this length we have found
Inexpedient.
The applied grid is similar to that, that we applied
For a mesh Labyrinth on кольях.

With that only a difference, that the length of a grid undertakes equal
To length of a bar (120 sm) and to cut a grid on height now
There is no indispensability. Each piece of a grid one end
Turns around around of a bar and by means of a stapler
Is fixed so that freely to hang on it.

For connection of a cone and a bar we use racks which are made of that
Tubes, as bars. Racks also serve to lift a grid on
The certain height above a surface of the ground. The height of our racks has made third from
Lengths of a standard tube (40 sm). Racks are easily inserted in a cone, for what by us
The special metal transitive design (allocated has been developed
Area on fig. 10).

The ends of a bar, through special hooks on the ends, lean on racks. The bar has
Opportunity to rotate in a horizontal plane concerning racks with cones.
Therefore, for reception of complex figures, to each rack it is possible to attach at once
Some bars (in our practice from 1 up to 3).

Thus, the design of "wall" turns out an easily-combined team, with greater
Opportunities of transformation for reception of various figures.

The technique of designing and construction of a mesh Labyrinth on cones is similar on
Technique of designing and construction of a mesh Labyrinth on кольях. Difference is available
Only in length сеток.

2.5.2. A problem ветроустойчивости
For the Labyrinthes constructed on кольях, a problem
ветроустойчивости it is not necessary. Колья, well fixed in
To the ground, reliably enough stretch a grid and do not allow
To wind it to overturn
At transition to a cone and an output of the Labyrinth from a wood arises
Problem ветроустойчивости.
In itself cone ветроустойчив, but a grid which is connected with
Cone, has «парусность». Therefore a cone cannot any more
Independently to keep all design on a strong wind,
Which frequently

page 19

These units sticks together with a transparent adhesive tape, and from above, "for appearance", in addition
The piece of the same sleeve is pasted.

This "bagel" at us carries out additional function. By means of an elastic band it
Delays a grid from top to bottom, not allowing it to wave on a wind. As has shown an expert, for
Stability of figures in the Labyrinth not necessarily on all of a cone to put on "bagels". Them
The quantity depends on force of a wind.

At installation of cones on a soft ground, for the decision of a problem ветроустойчивости,
Instead of heavy "bagels", it is possible to use long nails. These nails, изогнутые
Letter Г, through apertures in the basis are driven in into a ground and press down a cone to the ground.
To the same nails the elastic band which is stretching a grid can fasten.

2.5.3. Merits and demerits of a mesh Labyrinth on cones

It is possible to carry to lacks of the Labyrinth of this type only a total cost of all
The equipment. By our calculations, the cost price of the equipment for usual
Labyrinth makes the order of 3 thousand dollars. It is a lot of it or a little? For club
It is a lot of sports orientation. And for modern sports or
Television business this sum seems small.

Also it is possible to carry a plenty of the volumetric equipment to lacks. For
Transportations mesh СЛ on cones it is already necessary to use a minibus. As
It is spoken, « the beauty demands victims ».

Advantages of such Labyrinth, in comparison with previous СЛ, sharply increase.
Orientation leaves on the area as an entertainment attraction. Now
Competitions on mini-orientation can be spent on sports holidays,
« Days of city » where gather tens thousand people, press, TV. Now we
We can draw attention to the kind of sports.

2.5.4. Functional properties ideal « the Sports Labyrinth »

From the very beginning of work above the project of " the Sports Labyrinth », before us stood
Problem in definition of functional properties which should possess
The equipment for ideal СЛ. Now we can formulate these properties.
The equipment should:

To be standard, widely widespread all over the world;
It is easy to understand and gather;
To be compact and easy;
To be established on any equal surface;
To work in different weather and climatic conditions;
To be beautiful, it is good to be looked at a photo and video;
To be safe at collision with it.

It seems to me, that our mesh Labyrinth on cones as a whole satisfies
To the problem put earlier. However there are still some technical questions, which
It will be necessary to solve for mass distribution of Labyrinthes.

page 20

3. Scopes СЛ

Development of " the Sports Labyrinth » went not only in a direction of modernization
The equipment, but also in increase in areas of its application.
Now it is possible to allocate 3 scopes of " the Sports Labyrinth ».

1. Use СЛ in training process.
2. Carrying out СЛ in the program of a sports holiday as an attraction.
3. Application СЛ in the form of an insert in the basic distance of competitions on sports
To orientation.
Let's shortly tell about some reached results in these areas.

3.1. Training « the Sports Labyrinth »
Our sports children's club on a school vacation usually leaves in sports
Camp where routinely spends two-single trainings. The first, basic training
It is usually spent with a card on district. On the second training of the couch try
To give children something game, emotional, dynamical. For this purpose more whole
« The sports Labyrinth », but in the simplified type approaches. Recently we is frequent
It it is applied for a change training process (Fig. 12)

Fig. 12. At cards of a training Labyrinth.

Quantity of time and forces at the trainer,
Engaged with children,
It is limited. Therefore in a basis
Training Labyrinth lays
Principle of minimization of efforts and
Time of trainer's structure for it
Development and constructions. On ours
To estimation, the trainer with the assistant should
To spend for statement
Training СЛ no more than 15
Minutes. Gradually we send to
To the decision to use for construction
Training Labyrinth in
The core of one cone. If is
Transport for transportation it is possible
To apply greater of a cone.  They
Are rapidly placed on district
Also do not require additional fixing. If the vehicle is not present or not
Greater cones, it is possible to apply small a cone-колпачки. They are put on on
Aluminium колья. Together with them it is possible to use standard prisms with кольями
And means of a mark. Such complete sets of the equipment can be carried with itself in a backpack.  

All these objects of orientation are placed on district in the form of characteristic figures.

For us is available two basic variants of carrying out of training Labyrinthes.
Variant 1. All figures settle down in one place, on one glade. A technique
Development and constructions of such Labyrinth it is described in section « the Labyrinth from cones »
(Fig. 13а).

Variant 2. Figures are carried on significant distances from each other. Advantage
Such Labyrinth consists that the director can build figures on district, not
Observing strictly distances, and approximately, "by eye". Also there is no necessity
"To adhere" figures to each other. It considerably reduces time of the director
Distances.

If there is a card of the big scale (as for park orientation) it is possible
"To adhere" these figures to objects of a card. In the presented photo it is visible, as
We used a card of widely known camp site «Алоль» (fig. 13б).

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In both versions of a training Labyrinth we offer children work on memory
Within the limits of circular training. For this purpose on a cord cards with different are hung out
Micro-distances (7 or 8 distances are usual). Costing at a card, participants should
To remember the control items and the order of their passage.  To remember the КП,
It is necessary for participant to remember a figure, position КП in this figure and a place, where
There is a figure. It is complex enough brainwork which children combine with
Run. The length of each distance in this circular training makes a little сот
Meters. By means of such training children find individual optimum
Speed of run, At which they can keep maximal intellectual
Working capacity and to supervise the actions. Brainwork allows them
To forget about the difficulties connected with run. They hazardously compete with each other and
Show quite good speeds. Without any pressure from the trainer, which
Observes from of a course of training. In this exercise children improve
Important for ориентировщика qualities: memory of a card and an arrangement of objects, Skill
To work on the optimum speed, not distracting on contenders, etc.

Fig. 13. Variants of use СЛ in training process.

For a training Labyrinth it is enough to use simple компостерную a mark,
As quantity of participants small. Children with pleasure check
Correctness of a mark of the friends on a command.

3.2. « a sports Labyrinth » as an attraction

Perhaps, feedback and satisfaction organizers СЛ receive the greatest from
Entertaining Labyrinth-attraction which usually passes as independent
Discipline within the limits of any large sports undertaking. Big
Quantity of participants and turns on start, a keen interest of spectators and sports
Heads, an atmosphere of a holiday of sports and a finding in its most center – here
Some characteristic features of the Labyrinth-attraction.

It would be desirable to allocate some especially important undertakings with participation « Sports
Labyrinth »:

1. A track and field athletics holiday « Olympic mile » on the Olympic prospectus in Moscow,
Which was visited with all management of the Russian sports. The labyrinth settled down near to
The VIP-zone also was advantageously looked near to other entertaining starts (fig. 9).

page 22

2. A mass national holiday of run «Самсунг» where there were some tens
Thousand person. The labyrinth settled down beside with a stage where leaders acted
Musical groups of Russia, on a viewing platform of mountains Vorobevyh, perhaps, most
Beautiful place of Moscow (fig. 14).

Fig. 14. A labyrinth on mountains Vorobevyh

3. The All-Russia competitions on sports orientation « the Russian Azimuth–
2006 » with total of participants in 170 thousand. A labyrinth, alongside with a concert
Actors, has successfully filled a pause before rewarding of winners and has increased
Staginess. From 5500 participants from Moscow and the Moscow area more than 1700 person
Could start in « the Sports Labyrinth ».

As the same Labyrinth can be spent to the most different at the same time
Seats with preparation of one report, its carrying out is perspective in
Following starts of " the Russian Azimuth » which per 2006 was spent in 39 cities
Russia.

4. Participation in demonstration performances of not Olympic sports at the All-Russia Exhibition Centre, where
The labyrinth was adequately looked inside of exposition pavilion (fig. 15).

Fig. 15. A labyrinth in pavilion at the All-Russia Exhibition Centre.

page 23

These starts we have shown, that СЛ as a kind of sports orientation
It is possible to spend within the limits of any sports and city mass actions. And
Thus to advertise our kind of sports among wide layers of the population. But not
Easier to show spectators as masters compete. Each spectator can itself, without
Special preparation, without additional equipment, in some minutes to pass
The original test for ingenuity, for skill to be guided in space.  

Will agree, that these qualities are necessary for all people in our daily life.
And the distance can be passed and on an invalid carriage, and on roller skates, and for
Hand with the child.

The Labyrinth-attraction has two components: mass and competitive
As an example we shall present the program entertaining « the Sports Labyrinth in
Frameworks of competitions « the Moscow Compass » (fig. 16). Here qualification represents
Itself a mass part of competitions. And the semifinal and the superending provide an example
Competitive part.

The technical information. 1 day МК
(22-04-06)
« The sports Labyrinth » (СЛ) is spent in
To the zone specified in the scheme of accommodation
Participants, also passes in three stages. To the first
To stage wishing participants are supposed all
МК-2006, to the second and third stage–
The participants who have shown the best results on
The previous stages.

Program «Sports Labyrinth»: 10.30 - 13-00 - qualification, 13.00 - 14-00 - semifinal and Superfinal, 14.30 - awarding ceremony 

1 stage - qualification
The open qualifying competitions in
СЛ begin at 10.30 and come to an end at 13.00.
Sportsmen approach to start with the 
Number and the chip. There are six equivalent
Distances (from 1 up to 6) from which the judge gives out
To the participant one at own discretion. On
Number of the participant the judge of start writes figure
Passable distance. Sportsmen about
One qualification, For increase
Staginess, will start groups on 3 persons.
Runnings of men and women alternate.
Winners of the runnings are awarded
Memorable souvenirs.

Each participant can start on three
To different distances during time of qualification. If the participant will be noticed in passage of one
And the same distance two times, it is disqualified. On finish each participant receives listing with
Time of passage of distance СЛ and correctness of a mark. Keep the listings with the best
Time of passage of a distance since they serve as the miss on a following stage.

Participants, стартующие first time, and participants, стартующие in second and third time have different
Corridors for the miss on start that as much as possible sportsmen could take part in СЛ.
Participants of group "elite", and also the trainer and sports functionaries, will start out of turn.
It is recommended to all participants of group "elite" to take part in СЛ since next day at them will be
«врезка» with СЛ in the basic distance.

2 stage – a semifinal

Upon termination of qualifying starts, at 13-00 the main judge of the Labyrinth declares time for men and
The women, necessary for hit in a semifinal. The sportsmen having result are not worse declared
Time, should be registered for participation in a 2-stage.
Registration of sportsmen from among present begins at 13-00 and comes to an end at 13-10. After
The terminations of registration of the application form for participation in 2 stage are not accepted.

page 24

The deserved masters of sports and the master of sports of the international category on sports orientation
Are supposed to participation in 2-nd stage hors concours.
The selected sportsmen are allocated from the Labyrinth on distance about 200 meters, whence they will start
With an interval 1 minute. Participants of 2-nd stage individually compete on one distance. The report
Start it is shaped by results of 1 stage according to listings in such a manner that the strongest
Sportsmen will start in the end of the report.
All participants of a semifinal on finish are awarded with memorable prizes.

3 stage - the Superending at men and at women

After finish of 2-nd stage the small technical pause (5 – 10 minutes) after which begins follows
The superending at men and at women.
By results of 2-nd stage the four of the best sportsmen at men and the four at women is defined. At
Equality of times of 2-nd stage takes into consideration result of 1-st stage.

To each of 4 sportsmen the corner in a Labyrinth, the having certain color, and the judge is allocated in
This corner. After representation of participants of running the command "Start" of the main thing of the judge of the Labyrinth follows.
First each sportsman runs on 4 circles inside of a protection of the Labyrinth counter-clockwise, and,
Having returned to a point of the start, takes a card from the the judge. After that it passes a distance,
Which is planned so That the sportsman should, except for items inside of the Labyrinth, visit
Consistently counter-clockwise all corners and to finish a distance, having noted last КП in
The "" corner. Thus, as a result of a distance at all 4 sportsmen turn out identical. And
Spectators, on the moment of passage by sportsmen of corners, can estimate advantage of this or that
The sportsman before others.  After a mark of last item the angular judge at finish of the sportsman
Lifts a hand, showing, thus, finish of the participant. Main judge СЛ visually
Defines the order of finish of sportsmen. After finish of last participant correctness is checked
Marks, also appear results. Rewarding of all participants of the Superending occurs during
Ceremonies of rewarding of the basic competitions.

Brief description СЛ

« The sports Labyrinth » represents the limited area on an equal site of a surface of the ground
In the sizes of 20*20 meters with the artificial objects specially constructed for orientation.
Artificial objects represent road a cone and stretched between them protecting
Grid in height of 1 meter. On a card these objects are designated by black points and black lines between
Them. In aggregate all these objects on a card remind a labyrinth.  All of a cone are
Potential control items (КП). Means of a mark (station SI) settle down on cones, but
Not on all.

Participants are forbidden to overcome a protecting grid and how to influence on artificial
Objects.

Problem of participants
In an instant of start the participant receives a card. The compass in the Labyrinth is not required. The card is guided on
To position of seat of start. In the Labyrinth a plenty of control items (i.e. is established much
False КП). The participant needs to note in the necessary sequence only КП, which впечатаны in it
To card of the Labyrinth. Others КП in its diagram are absent. Be close – be marked only on the 
КП! The order of passage of items is specified in a card of the Labyrinth (1,2,3..).  Items are connected by lines (as in
The set direction). For complication of orientation own numbers КП on a card are not specified.
To check up the it is item or another's it is possible only on reference points – for a configuration of artificial objects.
Attention of participants! The previous starts of the Labyrinth have shown, that many participants make mistakes–
Take another's КП. At absence of a mark of the КП or infringements of the order of passage of a distance
The participant does not receive result.

Participants and spectators can observe competitions in the Labyrinth (as well as to shout, whistle, clap and
To make other actions which have been not forbidden by the Russian legislation), but only behind its limits.
Фото-and television reporters can be supposed in a zone of the Labyrinth only under the decision of the Main thing of the judge of the Labyrinth.

Representation of results of participants

One of the main tasks of a mass part of the Labyrinth-attraction consists in, that
To pass a maximum quantity of participants. Electronic system of a mark
Allows to check up quickly on finish of the Labyrinth correctness of passage
The participant of the distance. The basic limiting factor carrying
Abilities delivery of results, until recently, was.  As is known, in
Classical sports orientation at an electronic mark on finish to everyone
To the participant listing with Split passages of a distance stands out. Basic time in
This process the press on the printer borrows. Printers are whimsical enough in work,
The paper and a paint demand. This bottleneck. At large competitions for delivery

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Results apply at once some computers with printers. Long time we
Used the same procedure of delivery of results that limited carrying
Ability of all Labyrinth.  Eventually, we send to the decision that is not necessary
To waste time on listing of results and to create turn on finish. In fact
The piece of paper with Split is necessary to the mass participant not, and the fact – has passed a distance
Successfully or not. Therefore in last starts we applied sound indication
Correctness of passage of a distance.  If it is correct, one music sounds. If is not present
– Another. To learn time of successful passage of a distance, was enough
To look at the display connected to a computer, on which in real time
Results were updated. All this in has some times reduced time of stay of the participant
On finish. And to organizers has essentially facilitated work.  As a result, carrying
Ability of the Labyrinth has exceeded value of 500 человеко-starts at an o'clock (or nearby 10
The person in a minute). As a result of this innovation in СЛ on « Russian Азимуте-2006 »
Could start more than 1700 person!.

3.3. « a sports Labyrinth » in a classical distance

In rules of competitions on sports orientation for the present there is no rules on
To carrying out of " Sports Labyrinthes ». Therefore from the very beginning we aspired
To include СЛ in informal and experimental competitions with which are available
The similar purposes on popularization of orientation.

Since 2003 we have started to apply врезку with a tape Labyrinth in the basic distances
The Moscow competitions « the Cup of parks ». It is interesting to note ideological similarity
« A cup of parks » and « the Sports Labyrinth ». In both kinds of orientation it is done
Emphasis on the maximal staginess and use of artificial objects. Among those
Starts it would be desirable to allocate especially competitions on mountains Vorobevyh, When starting and
Finishing glade settled down under a viewing platform together with the Labyrinth (fig.
17). In two years the Labyrinth managed "to rise" independently on itself viewing
Platform as an attraction on a holiday of run «Самсунг» (fig. 14). Also it would be desirable
To allocate competitions in Park of the Victory over mountain Poklonnoj where the Labyrinth has been built in in
The middle of a distance of different groups also it was spent to "choice".  And for mistakes in
Labyrinth of participants did not disqualify, and added penal minutes to the general
To result. For this purpose the special program on обсчету results has been written,
Received at use of electronic system of mark Sport Ident.


page 26

Fig. 17. A labyrinth in a distance on mountains Vorobevyh.

Per 2004 the tape Labyrinth has been included in
Distance of several groups on « Moskovsk
Compass ». After carrying out of competitions we
Have received weight of positive responses.
However singularity of a card of the Labyrinth, influence
From spectators, music and comments
The announcer in some participants have caused
Negative emotions. Basically it were
People of the senior generation who have got used to
To other type of orientation. They come
On competitions for individual
Dialogue with the nature, Friends and staginess
To them it is not necessary.


Therefore since 2005 on « Moskovsk the Compass »
Labyrinth, but already mesh on cones,
It is applied only to elite groups (fig.
18). It allows to concentrate the general
Attention only on masters to make
The qualitative comment to a course of struggle
Sportsmen and to make « a picture
Competitions » more entertainment.  The announcer, for
Time of a finding of the sportsman in the Labyrinth,
Can inform spectators on backlog from
The leader, its previous merits. To spectators
Also it is interesting to look behind actions of elite sportsmen.

Sportsmen of elite perceive an insert with СЛ in a classical distance as change
Rhythm. Switchings from one scale on another is for them an interesting problem,
Which besides is used and on a usual distance. At approximation to КП it is necessary


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Other algorithm of work of the sportsman.. In fact it is necessary for it to leave with high accuracy in
Area of item. In the Labyrinth which has been built in the basic distance, this problem becomes
More expressed.

Also for sportsmen of elite it is important to develop psychological stability. Getting
On the international competitions they get under close attention of fans,
The photo and video of chambers and some, especially young sportsmen, do not cope
Åß¿Õ«-emotional loads also suppose insulting mistakes. Participation in СЛ can it
To help to not pay attention to external distracting factors.

Besides, professional sportsmen understand, that their financial well-being
Directly it is connected with quantity of the minutes lead before television cameras. And it is one of
The main tasks of the Labyrinth – to show process of decision-making by the sportsman.

As an example, we shall present the information for participants of elite groups on
« Moskovsk the Compass-2006 ».


The technical information. 2 day МК (23-04-06)

As well as in the past to year, in the second day of competitions « the Moscow Compass-2006 » « the Sports Labyrinth »
It is spent only for sportsmen of man's and female elite. Therefore we urgently recommend them
To take part in СЛ in the first day.

For elite groups in the second day the Labyrinth is built in the end of the basic distance. From the last КП before
The labyrinth up to an input in the Labyrinth will go a marking. After passage of the Labyrinth sportsmen also on
To marking run on finishing КП. Distance СЛ will be printed on a underside of a card.  Unlike
СЛ the first day, on control items (on distances and in a card) digital codes КП, that will be specified
Sportsmen compared these numbers and took only the КП. For wrong passage of a distance in
Labyrinth, also as well as the basic distance, sportsmen will be disqualified. Sportsmen of elite
Should be ready to sound influence on them spectators, the commentator and music. And also to not be frightened
фото-and television cameras.

It would be desirable to notice, that it only the first efforts on inclusion of the Labyrinth in competitions
On sports orientation. I hope, that in process of comprehension of importance of presentation
Process of orientation by means of « the Sports Labyrinth », all world О-
The community will take part in promotion of this project and realizes its potential.
Here it is necessary to do greater work. Since development of rules, signs,
Unifications of the equipment and its wide propagation. Writing of programs for
обсчета results and reception of an interesting picture for televiewers.

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4. Some problems СЛ

4.1. False КП, mistakes and punishment for them

One of distinctive features СЛ, as well as other competitions on мини-
To orientation, presence of a plenty of control items is, on
Which the participant to be marked should not at passage of the distance. Such КП
Can be or items of other distance or are simply added for complication
Orientations. Therefore we shall name these КП false.  The matter is that at absence
False КП orientation for the participant strongly becomes simpler. Presence false КП in
Labyrinth forces the participant to not pay attention at all to signs КП, and
To be guided only on artificial objects and precisely to find the necessary point.

A plenty false КП leads to a significant amount of mistakes, especially
At children with small experience in orientation. How to punish participants for these
Mistakes?

As is known, in classical competitions in the set direction the participant is obliged
"To take" all КП when due hereunder. Otherwise it will be disqualified. In
« A sports Labyrinth » punishment for wrong passage of a distance can
To vary, depending on a scope.

For the Labyrinth which has been built in a distance of usual competitions, it is possible to apply two
Variant of punishment. In the first variant on all КП, costing on district, are available
Digital codes. Codes of items which the participant should visit, are specified in a card.
Thus, the sportsman, as well as on a usual distance, should take only the КП,
Verifying codes on a card and on district. In case of a mistake it is disqualified. At such
"Classical" variant at use in СЛ there are essential minuses.  Some sportsmen cease to be guided, and start to search КП only on
To numbers. Also many young sportsmen do not pay attention to numbers and take
False КП. A principle of disqualification because of wrong passage of the Labyrinth,
When the sportsman has successfully overcome the basic distance, it seems to me too
Severe. In the Labyrinth each sportsman by virtue of different circumstances can and has
The right to become puzzled and be mistaken.

Codes КП and to enter system of penalties for a wrong mark. Then the sportsman will be
It is compelled to be guided on objects, instead of to compare codes. And system of penalties as
биатлонных competitions (penal minutes or penal circles), will help to make
Competitions by more entertainment. At presence of penal circles, the spectator at once will be
To see result of passage of the Labyrinth. On this way there are some technical
The difficulties connected with fast check of a mark on finish of the Labyrinth. But these
Difficulties are quite surmountable.

For training СЛ codes on КП to specify it is not necessary. The system is optimum
Time penalties which are charged by the trainer after check of a mark. For example,
30 seconds or 1 minute for each wrong mark.

For the Labyrinth-attraction availability of a plenty of mistakes at participants not
Is a negative instant. To the contrary, failure "gets" many people.
Small time of passage of a distance in СЛ allows the participant to start
Repeatedly.

4.2. Complexity of distances СЛ

Complexity of a distance in « the Sports Labyrinth » develops of two parts. From
Complexities of artificial district and from complexity of a distance which can be changed in
Concrete Labyrinth.

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Complexity of district can be varied, changing quantity of figures, their form and width
Passes between them.
Complexity of distances also can be changed by means of planning distances, setting
Different quantity of items and configuration of the distance inside of concrete
Labyrinth.

For different scopes СЛ it is necessary to choose the complexity.

For Лабиринта-an attraction it is desirable to have some distances, with a different degree
Complexities (different levels) as in it can take part as beginners, and
The deserved masters of sports. For example, if to apply three levels of complexity,
To distance of 1-st level to recommend beginners, distances of 2-nd level for
ориентировщиков and last the first level, 3-rd level for skilled
ориентировщиков and all last the previous levels.

For distances of 1-st level it is necessary to plan simple distances, without complex
Crossings and reverse motions. Participants should move in one stream (for example,
On a circle or on a straight line) from start up to finish. At same it is reached maximal
Throughput of the Labyrinth. At successful passage of 1-st level,

For competitive « the Sports Labyrinth » the problem in reception is put
Distances with the maximal complexity. In this case for sportsmen should stand
Problem at the choice of an optimum way of movement from several variants (at least
Two). Rectilinear courses of movement from КП to КП are inadmissible.

It is important to notice, that complexity of distances, at application of set forth above measures,
It is possible to vary from very simple up to very complex.
The participant can raise for itself a level of complexity.

4.3. Seat of accommodation СЛ: a platform, orientation, a protection

It is necessary to endeavour to that the platform for accommodation СЛ was in the center
Competitions or a sports holiday. In fact one of the primary goals facing
СЛ – to achieve the maximal staginess.

Very much wins an arrangement of the Labyrinth inside of the big hole. Then quantity
Spectators can be maximal, and they can observe from above of a course of struggle.
Probably, the best and civilized variant is installation of the Labyrinth
In stadium with tribunes for spectators (fig. 19).

Fig. 19. A kind of the Labyrinth from a tribune of stadium.

page 30

That the planned Labyrinth гарантированно was entered in surrounding district, we
Urgently we recommend to leave in advance on a place of its accommodation and to lead
Laborious work which will be difficult for making in day of competitions.
On district it is necessary to coordinate an exact place with organizers of action
 And also to define places
Accommodations of start, finish, judicial tent. Important correctly сориентировать
Labyrinth concerning a line the north-south for фото-and video shootings, that the best for
Shootings the kind has not turned out against the sun.

In « the Sports Labyrinth », unlike classical orientation, to the sportsman
All district, including point of start and finish is visible at once. It is enough of it, that
сориентировать a card concerning district. Therefore in a card of the Labyrinth a direction
The north-south usually is not underlined. However the Labyrinth can be built in in classical
Distance. Then, if its image is placed on a face sheet of a card, it
There should be сориентированным concerning a direction a north-south.

The system of a protection on complexity and labour inputs can be compared with
Labyrinth! Ideally for these purposes approach militian metal
Protections which we usually ask from organizers of such actions. At
Arrangement on the ground for a protection the high grid which is stretched well approaches
High кольями.  Accommodation of banners of sponsors on elements of a protection is
Important component СЛ. In case of attraction of TV to display СЛ accommodation of banners
Can pay back expenses for carrying out СЛ and even to make a profit.
We apply to a designation of points of start and finish road "tell-tales". Cards
Various distances it is displayed in trays which fasten to road cones.

4.4. Creating of a holiday atmosphere: judges, music, prizes

Judges of the Labyrinth should be allocated among participants. For this purpose, depending on
Weathers, it is possible to use special bright capes, jackets or a vest.
If the Labyrinth is built in a usual distance of competitions on orientation,
The quantity of the attendants can be minimal (1-2 persons), on
Case of breakdown of the Labyrinth and tracking the expensive equipment (quantity
Stations can reach 30 pieces).


If СЛ it is used as an attraction in the big holiday, for its carrying out
The significant amount of judges (5-7 person) which are distributed is required
As follows.

On start presence of 2-3 judges (construction and adjustment of turn is necessary on
Start, clearing and delivery of CHIPS, delivery of cards, starting station). On finish also
Presence of 2-3 judges (finishing and reading stations, selection of CHIPS and cards is necessary,
Delivery of prizes). Inside of the Labyrinth it is desirable to put qualified and
For an explanation to the lost the way beginners, that it is necessary to do the affable judge it.
Any attraction by rules of a genre should be accompanied by pleasant music.  Music
Creates a celebratory atmosphere for participants and for spectators. Specially
The picked up rhythmical music helps the sportsman to concentrate on the decision
Problems.

If there is an opportunity it is desirable to encourage all participants who have successfully finished
Distance, small memorable prizes and souvenirs.

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5. The conclusion

Our experience on carrying out СЛ shows, that orientation in the Labyrinth, in comparison
With classical, it too the orientation only concentrated in space and
In time. Therefore by means of СЛ it is possible to show the spectator essence easily
Classical sports orientation and its greater intellectual
Component.

As independent discipline СЛ it is especially good within the limits of carrying out large
Sports holidays, days of cities, exhibitions and other mass actions. Playing
Role of an attraction, bewitching external simplicity and the complex internal maintenance,
Festively-bright СЛ involves in itself the big number of walking people, in particular
Children. Organizers of such large holidays, having a good financial basis, with
With pleasure are ready to involve this attraction and to give it the best platforms.

In some regions already there were enthusiasts who have rapidly apprehended idea
Sports Labyrinth also have started independently it to develop. It is Tula, Krasnoyarsk,
Penza, Istanbul, etc. I Think, at them interesting experience to which would cost has already collected
To exchange. Therefore I ask to send brief messages and interesting photos about
The lead Labyrinthes. Whenever possible, them I shall systematize and place on
Our site.

In summary it would be desirable to thank all ориентировщиков which helped the 
Advice and affairs to develop this new and perspective kind of orientation. Especially
I wish to note: trainers of our club Masnogo of Alexey Jakovlevicha and Еремина
Alexander Petrovicha with which we started to put into practice СЛ in
Training process and the useful advice which has given many; Naletova Dmitry
Vladimirovich constantly adapting the programs for check of results and
Their evident representation;  Novikova Vladimir Ignatevicha, for the significant contribution
In development and manufacturing of the equipment; Shura Henry Vasilevicha and Alyoshin
Victor Maksimovicha, for invaluable advice and the help in promotion « Sports
Labyrinth » and reviewing of this methodical grant.

The author with gratitude of signs all remarks and offers to the address of:
postmaster@moscompass.ru.